Tips for extending the life of construction machinery and equipment

Tips for extending the life of construction machinery and equipment

The value of general construction machinery and equipment is very high, so we should try to improve the utilization rate of equipment and prolong the service life of these equipment. In addition to normal maintenance and operation according to the manufacturer's requirements, there are some small tips that should also attract everyone's attention.

1. Ensure normal working load

The size and nature of the working load of construction machinery have a very important impact on the loss process of machinery. In general, the wear and tear of a part increases proportionally with the load. When a part is subjected to a load higher than the average design load, its wear will increase. In addition, when other conditions are equal, the stable load wears less than the dynamic load, and the service life is less. Tests have shown that the wear of the cylinders of the engine will increase by 2 times compared with that of the engine under unstable load. Engines that operate under normal load have a lower failure rate and a longer lifespan. On the contrary, the failure rate of the overloaded engine will increase significantly, and the life will be reduced compared with the design index. The amount of wear on machinery that is constantly subject to a wide range of load fluctuations is greater than that of machinery that works continuously and stably

 

2. Reduce all kinds of corrosive effects

The phenomenon of chemical or electrochemical interaction between the metal surface and the surrounding medium and the destruction is called corrosion. This corrosive effect will not only affect the normal operation of the mechanical surface equipment, but also corrode the internal parts of the machinery. For example, rainwater and chemicals in the air enter the machinery through the external channels and gaps of mechanical parts, corroding the inside of mechanical parts, accelerating mechanical wear and increasing mechanical failures. Because this corrosive effect is sometimes invisible and intangible, it is easy to be overlooked, so it is more harmful. In use, management and operation personnel should take effective measures according to the local weather conditions and air pollution at that time to reduce the impact of chemical corrosion on machinery, focusing on preventing the intrusion of rainwater and chemical components in the air into the machinery, and reducing rain operations as much as possible.

 

3. Reduce the influence of mechanical impurities

Mechanical impurities generally refer to non-metallic substances such as dust and soil and some metal chips and wear products produced by construction machinery in the process of use. Once these impurities enter the inside of the machinery and reach between the mating surfaces of the machinery, the harm is great, which not only hinders the relative movement and accelerates the wear of the parts, but also scratches the mating surface, destroys the lubricating oil film, increases the temperature of the parts and deteriorates the lubricating oil.

It has been determined that when the mechanical impurities in the lubricating oil increase to 0.15%, the wear rate of the first piston ring of the engine will be 2.5 times greater than the normal value, and the life of the rolling bearing will be reduced by 80%-90% when the impurity particles enter the impurities. Therefore, for construction machinery working in harsh environments and complex conditions, it is necessary to use high-quality, supporting parts, lubricating oil and grease to block the source of harmful impurities; Second, it is necessary to do a good job in the mechanical protection of the work site to ensure that the corresponding mechanism can work normally and prevent various impurities from entering the machinery. For the faulty machinery, try to repair it in a regular repair place. When repairing on site, protective measures should also be taken to prevent the parts replaced during on-site repair from being polluted by impurities such as dust before entering the machinery.

 

4. Reduce the influence of temperature

In operation, the temperature of each component has its own normal range. For example, the temperature of general cooling water is 80-90 °C, and the temperature of hydraulic oil of hydraulic transmission system is 30-60 °C.

The test shows that the main transmission gears and bearings of various construction machinery run in the lubricating oil at -5 °C than in the lubricating oil at 3 °C, and the wear is 10-12 times larger. However, when the temperature is too high, it will accelerate the deterioration of the lubricating oil, such as when the oil temperature exceeds 55-60 °C, the oxidation rate of the oil will be doubled for every 5 °C increase in oil temperature. To this end, in the process of using construction machinery, it is necessary to prevent overload operation at low temperature, ensure the normal operation of the low-speed pre-heating stage, and then drive or work after the machinery reaches the specified temperature, and do not ignore its important role because there is no problem at that time; Second, to prevent the machinery from running at high temperatures, the values on various temperature gauges should be checked frequently during the operation of the machinery, and the problems should be stopped immediately if they are found, and the faults should be eliminated in time. For those who can't find the reason for a while, they must not work with the machine without treatment. In the usual work, it is necessary to pay attention to check the working condition of the cooling system. For water-cooled machinery, it must be checked before daily work and cooling water must be added; For air-cooled machinery, it is also necessary to regularly clean the dust on the air-cooling system to ensure that the heat dissipation air duct is unblocked.